Who Are Sensitive Groups?
The EPA identifies sensitive groups as populations that are more likely to experience health effects from air pollution exposure. These groups should pay close attention to air quality forecasts and take extra precautions when AQI levels are elevated.
Children
Children are especially vulnerable to air pollution for several reasons:
- Developing lungs: Children's respiratory systems are still growing and can be damaged by pollution exposure
- Higher breathing rates: Children breathe more air per pound of body weight than adults
- More time outdoors: Kids often spend more time playing outside, increasing exposure
- Closer to ground level: Many pollutants concentrate near ground level where children breathe
Recommendations: Limit outdoor activity when AQI exceeds 100. Keep windows closed during high pollution days. Ensure schools monitor air quality for outdoor activities.
Older Adults (65+)
Seniors face increased risk from air pollution due to:
- Age-related decline: Lungs and immune systems naturally weaken with age
- Undiagnosed conditions: Many older adults have undetected heart or lung disease
- Medication interactions: Some medications can increase sensitivity to pollution
- Reduced mobility: Harder to escape polluted environments quickly
Recommendations: Monitor AQI daily. Stay indoors with air conditioning when AQI exceeds 100. Have a supply of any needed medications readily available.
People with Respiratory Conditions
Those with pre-existing respiratory conditions are highly sensitive:
Asthma
- Air pollution is a major asthma trigger
- Can cause attacks even when asthma is well-controlled
- Ozone and PM2.5 are especially problematic
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
- Already compromised lung function worsens with pollution exposure
- Increased risk of flare-ups and hospitalizations
- May need supplemental oxygen on high pollution days
Other Respiratory Conditions
- Chronic bronchitis
- Emphysema
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Cystic fibrosis
People with Cardiovascular Disease
Heart disease patients face serious risks from air pollution:
- Heart attacks: Fine particles can trigger cardiac events
- Arrhythmias: Pollution can cause irregular heartbeats
- Stroke: Increased risk during high pollution episodes
- Blood pressure: Pollution can raise blood pressure
Recommendations: Take prescribed heart medications consistently. Avoid outdoor exertion when AQI exceeds 100. Know the warning signs of heart attack and stroke.
Pregnant Women
Air pollution exposure during pregnancy can affect both mother and baby:
- Low birth weight
- Preterm birth
- Birth defects
- Developmental issues
Recommendations: Monitor AQI regularly. Use HEPA air purifiers at home. Discuss air quality concerns with your healthcare provider.
Outdoor Workers
People who work outdoors have increased exposure:
- Construction workers
- Agricultural workers
- Landscapers
- Delivery drivers
- Athletes and coaches
Recommendations: Employers should monitor air quality and adjust work schedules. Use N95 respirators when necessary. Take breaks in clean air environments.
AQI Guidelines for Sensitive Groups
| AQI Range | Category | Sensitive Groups Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| 0-50 | Good | Air quality is satisfactory; no precautions needed |
| 51-100 | Moderate | Unusually sensitive individuals should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion |
| 101-150 | USG | Sensitive groups should limit prolonged outdoor exertion |
| 151-200 | Unhealthy | Sensitive groups should avoid all outdoor exertion; others should limit prolonged outdoor exertion |
| 201+ | Very Unhealthy | Sensitive groups should remain indoors with windows closed and air filtration if possible |
Protecting Yourself
If you're in a sensitive group, take these precautions:
- Monitor daily: Check the AQI every morning and throughout the day
- Plan activities: Schedule outdoor activities for times when air quality is better
- Create clean air spaces: Use HEPA air purifiers in your home
- Have medications ready: Keep rescue inhalers and other medications accessible
- Know your limits: Don't push through symptoms; seek help when needed
- Stay informed: Sign up for air quality alerts in your area